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Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review

Received: 30 August 2014     Accepted: 6 October 2014     Published: 15 October 2014
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Abstract

Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 6-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Treatment Technology

DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
Page(s) 23-34
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coagulation/Chlorination, Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Algae; Disinfection by-Products (DBPs), Water Treatment

References
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    Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. (2014). Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(6-1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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    ACS Style

    Djamel Ghernaout; Saad Moulay; Noureddine Ait Messaoudene; Mohamed Aichouni; Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(6-1), 23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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    AMA Style

    Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(6-1):23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14,
      author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Saad Moulay and Noureddine Ait Messaoudene and Mohamed Aichouni and Mohamed Wahib Naceur and Ahmed Boucherit},
      title = {Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6-1},
      pages = {23-34},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
      abstract = {Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review
    AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
    AU  - Saad Moulay
    AU  - Noureddine Ait Messaoudene
    AU  - Mohamed Aichouni
    AU  - Mohamed Wahib Naceur
    AU  - Ahmed Boucherit
    Y1  - 2014/10/15
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 23
    EP  - 34
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
    AB  - Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria

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